Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: chalcidoidea) of Coccus (Hemiptera: coccidae) associated to Citrus in Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32870/dugesiana.v18i1.3991Keywords:
Coccus, citrus, parasitoids, MexicoAbstract
Soft scales of the genus Coccus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) have importance as pests in citrus and other crops aroud the world. Citrus twigs and leaves samples, infested with soft scales, were taken in five states of the Mexican Republic, obtaining four parasitoid species from two families of Hymenoptera (Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae). Literature includes another eleven species, so the total is 15 parasitic species of Coccus in Mexico. A taxonomical key to the species of Coccophagus (Aphelinidae) and Metaphycus (Encyrtidae) was done, also a brief review of each parasitic species was included.References
Annecke, D.P. 1964. The Encyrtid and Aphelinid parasites
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of soft brown scale, Coccus
hesperidum Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in South
Africa. Entomology Memoirs of Department of Agricultural
Technical Services, Republic of South Africa, 7: 1-74.
Annecke, D.P. and H.P. Insley. 1974. The species of Coccophagus
Westwood, 1833 from the Ethiopian region (Hymenoptera:
Aphelinidae). Entomology Memoirs of Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa, 37: 1-62.
Argov, Y. and Y. Rössler. 1988. Introduction of beneficial insects into Israel for the control of insect pests. Phytoparasitica, 16 (4): 303-315.
Bartlett, B.R. 1978. Coccidae (pp. 57-74). In: Clausen, C.P. (Ed.), Introduced Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests and Weeds: a World Review. US Department of Agriculture, Handbook No. 480. Washington DC, USA.
Ben-Dov, Y. 1993. A systematic catalogue of the soft scale insects of the world (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Flora and Fauna Handbook No. 9. Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, USA. trials
Bernal, J.S., R.F. Luck and J.G. Morse. 1999. Augmentative release with Metaphycus spp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) against citricola scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) in California’s San Joaquin valley. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92: 1099-1107.
Bernal, J.S., J.G. Morse, R.F. Luck and M.S. Drury. 2001. Seasonal and scale size relationships between citricola scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) and its parasitoid complex (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) on San Joaquin Valley citrus. Biological Control, 20: 210- 221.
Compere, H. 1931. A revision of the species of Coccophagus, a genus of hymenopterous, coccid-inhabiting parasites. Proceedings of the U.S. Natural Museum, 78: 1-132.
De Santis, L. 1979. Catálogo de los himenópteros calcidoideos de América al sur de los Estados Unidos. Publication Especial, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ebeling, W. 1959. Subtropical fruit pests. University of California, Division of Agricultural Science, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. 436 pp.
González-Hernández, A. 2000. Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) ( pp. 649-659). En: Llorente Bousquets, J.E., E. González Soriano y N. Papavero (Eds.). Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de Artrópodos de México. Vol 2. UNAM, México.
Hamon, A.B. and M.L. Williams. 1984. The soft scales of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas, 11. Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Contribution No. 600. Gainesville, Florida, USA. 194 p.
Hayat, M. 1997. Aphelinidae (pp. 111-145). In: Ben-Dov, Y. and C.J. Hodgson (Eds.). Soft scale nsects, their biology, natural enemies and control, 7B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Kapranas, A., J.G.Morse, P.Pacheco, L.D. Forster and R.F. Luck. 2007. Survey of brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum L. parasitoids in southern California citrus. Biological Control, 42: 288-299.
Kennett, C.E., J.A. McMurtry and J.W. Beardsley. 1999. Biological control in subtropical and tropical crops (pp 713 -742). In: Bellows, T.S. and T.W. Fisher, (Eds.). Handbook of biological control. Academy Press, London, UK.
Krombein, K.V., P.D.Hurd Jr., D.R. Smith and B.D. Burks (Eds.). 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico, 1. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Lampson, L.J. and J.G. Morse. 1992. A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae (Hom. Coccidae) parasitoids (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in southern California. Entomophaga, 37: 373-390.
Miller, D.R. 1996. Checklist of the scale insects (Coccoidea: Homoptera) of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98 (1): 68-86.
Myartseva, S.N. 2006. Review of Mexican species of Coccophagus Westwood, with a key and description of new species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 15 (1): 113-130.
Myartseva, S.N. and J.M. Coronado-Blanco. 2003. Coccophagus rusti Compere: una especie de África en México. Entomología Mexicana, 2: 740-744.
Myartseva, S.N. and E. Ruíz-Cancino. 2004. Synopsis of species of the genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917 of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with description of new species. Russian Entomological Journal, 13 (4): 269-276.
Myartseva, S.N., E. Ruíz-Cancino and J.M. Coronado-Blanco.2004. Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Saissetia spp. (Homoptera: Coccidae) in Mexico. Fruits, 59 (2): 141-150.
Myartseva, S.N., E. Ruíz-Cancino y J.M. Coronado-Blanco. 2008. Escamas suaves (Homoptera: Coccidae) y sus parasitoides (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae) en cítricos de Tamaulipas, México (pp. 83-87). Memorias de XXXI Congreso Nacional de Control Biológico, México. Noyes, J.M. 2003. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/chalcidoids/index.html. (Database last updated: May 2008).
Noyes, J.S. 1982. Collecting and preserving chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Journal of Natural History, 16: 315-334.
Noyes, J.S. and M. Hayat. 1994. Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with a world review of Encyrtidae used in classical biological control and an index of encyrtids parasitoids of mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Peck, O. 1963. A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta:Hymenoptera). Canadian Entomology, 30 (Suppl.): 1-1092.
Prinsloo, G.L. 1984. An illustrated guide to the parasitic wasps associated with citrus pests in the Republic of South Africa. Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, Republic of
South Africa, 402: 1-119.
Prinsloo, G.L. 1997. Encyrtidae, pp. 69-109. En: Ben-Dov, Y. and C.J. Hodgson (Eds.). World Crop Pests. Soft Scale Insects, their biology, natural enemies and control, vol. 7B. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Smith, H.S. and H. Compere. 1928. A preliminary report on the insect parasites of the black scale, Saissetia oleae (Bern.). University of California Publications in Entomology, 4: 232-334.
Swirski, E., Y. Ben-Dov and M. Wysoki. 1997. Mango (pp. 241254). In: Ben-Dov, Y. and C.J. Hodgson (Eds.). World Crop Pests. Soft Scale Insects, their biology, natural enemies and control, vol. 7B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Trjapitzin V.A. y S.N. Myartseva. 2004. Especies del género Encyrtus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) en México, América Central, Indias Occidentales y Bermudas. Vedalia,11: 17-33.
Trjapitzin, V.A. y E. Ruíz-Cancino. 1998. Diversinervus elegans Say (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), un parasitoide de cóccidos (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) en México. Ceiba, 38 (2): 151-155.
Trjapitzin, V.A y E. Ruíz-Cancino. 2000. Encírtidos (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) de importancia agrícola en México. Serie Publicaciones Científicas CIDAFF-UAT No. 2, México.
Trjapitzin, V.A y E. Ruíz-Cancino. 2009. Especies del género Anicetus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) del Nuevo Mundo. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 25 (2): 249-268.
Trjapitzin, V.A., E. Ruíz-Cancino y J.M. Coronado-Blanco. 2008 a. Microterys nietneri Motschulsky, 1859), parasitoide eficiente de Coccidae, especialmente en cítricos. Serie Avispas Parasíticas de Plagas y otros Insectos No. 5. Editorial Planea, México.
Trjapitzin, V.A., F.D. Bennett, E. Ruíz-Cancino and J.M. Coronado-Blanco. 2004. Annotated check-list of encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) of Central America, the West Indies and Bermuda. Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México.
Trjapitzin, V.A., S.N. Myartseva, E. Ruíz-Cancino y J.M. Coronado-Blanco. 2008 b. Clave de géneros de Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) de México y un catálogo de las especies. Serie Avispas Parasíticas de Plagas y otros Insectos No. 4. Editorial Planea, México.
Viggiani, G. 1984. Bionomics of Aphelinidae. Annual Review of Entomology, 29: 257-276.
Walter, G.H. 1983. “Divergent male ontogenies” in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence. Biological Journal of Linnean Society, 19: 63-82.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
1. Proposed policy for open access journals
Those authors who have publications with this journal, accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyright and will guarantee to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be simultaneously subject to the Creative Commons Recognition License, which allows third parties to share the work whenever their author is indicated and His first publication is this journal.
- Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements to distribute the version of the published work (eg to be deposited in an institutional telematic file or published in a monographic volume) provided the initial publication is indicated in this journal .
Authors are encouraged and encouraged to disseminate their work through the Internet (eg in institutional telematic files or on their web page) before and during the sending process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase appointments Of the published work. (See The effect of open access).
2. Proposed policy for journals that offer open deferred access
Those authors who have publications with this journal, accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyrights and will guarantee to the journal the right of first publication of their work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME], which will be simultaneously subject to the Creative Commons Recognition License that allows third parties to share the work always That its author and his first publication be indicated this journal.
- Authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements to distribute the version of the published work (eg to be deposited in an institutional telematic file or published in a monographic volume) provided the initial publication is indicated in this journal .
- Authors are encouraged and encouraged to disseminate their work through the Internet (eg in institutional telematic files or on their web page) before and during the sending process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase appointments Of the published work. (See The effect of open access).

