New species of Neurostigma Enderlein , 1901 ( Insecta : Psocodea : Epipsocidae ) from Colombia Nueva especie de Neurostigma Enderlein , 1901 ( Insecta : Psocodea : Epipsocidae ) de Colombia

In a review of the Epipsocidae from two Natural Parks in the Colombian amazon, two species of Neurostigma were found, one of which corresponds to N. xanthopterum, a new record for the country; the other being a new species which is here described and illustrated. A key for identiication of the described species (males) is also presented.


MATERIAL AND METHODS
The specimens were collected as part of the "Insect Diversity of Colombia" project developed by the Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute (IAvH) and the Unidad Administrativa Especial de Parques Nacionales Naturales (UESPPN) (Special Administrative Unit of National Natural Parks). Five male specimens were available for study, which were dissected in 80% ethanol, followed by mounting their parts on slides in Canada balsam following standard procedures (González et al. 2011). Color was recorded from whole specimens, observed under a dissecting microscope illuminated with cold white light at 50x. Measurements (given in mm) of parts on the slides (head, right wings and legs and genitalia), were measured with a micrometer, mounted on a Nikon Eclipse Ci microscope. Abbreviations for the measured parts are as follows: H: head median length (in dorsal view); MxW: maximum width of head capsule; Mx2, Mx4: length of second and fourth segment of right maxillary palpus, f1...fn: lengths of lagellomeres 1...n of right antenna, IO, D and d, respectively: minimum distance between compound eyes, antero-posterior diameter and transverse diameter of right compound eye, all in dorsal view of head; FW and HW: lengths of right fore-and hind-wings, L: forewing length; W: forewing width; lp: pterostigma length; wp: pterostigma width; l: hindwing length; w: hindwing width; al: areola postica length; ah: areola postica height; F, T, t1-t2: lengths of femur, tibia and tarsomeres 1-2 of right hind leg, ctt1: number of ctenidiobothria on t1 of right hind leg. Additionally, head and wings ratios were measured: H/MxW; PO: d/D; IO/d; L/W; l/w; lp/wp; al/ah (González et al. 2011). The illustrations were made based on digital photographs, taken with a Canon T5i camera and Helicon Focus program, and later processed in Clip Studio Paint vector graphics editor program. The scales are given in mm. The specimens are provi-sionally deposited in the Entomological Museum, Universidad Del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia (MUSENUV).

Neurostigma garcialdretei n. sp.
(Male) (Figures 1-6) http://zoobank.org/EFE663DB-6436-4DF4-80DF-AE2B-99F79AF4 Diagnosis. Belonging to a group of species whose areola postica is not fused to vein M. By characters of his forewing and phallosome is similar to N. radiatum Mockford, 1991, but unlike this presents the radular sclerite of phallosome with pointed spines directed antero-mesally, long spicules on external margin and dense ield of short spines and spicules latero-posteriorly, aedeagal arc with internal apical edge not angled (Fig. 6). It also differs from this in details of the pterostigmal crossveins.
Color (in 80% ethanol). Body cream, with brown spots. Head cream (Fig. 3) with a light dark brown spot from the antennal socket to the lower margin of the compound eye, going up the posterior edge of the eye to its upper edge; a second brown band goes from the antennal socket to the top of the gena; vertex, front, posclypeus, gena and postgena cream. Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with ochre centripetal crescents; anteclypeus cream; labrum cream; labral sclerites light brown. Antenna light brown. Maxillary palps cream, with dark brown dorsal line from base to apex. Tergal lobes of mesothorax cream, posterior edge brown; tergal lobes of metathorax brown and cream; thoracic pleura cream. Legs: coxae cream, with apice light black; trochanters cream; femora cream, with circular black spots; tibiae cream; tarsi light brown. Forewing hyaline (Fig. 1), areola postica with light brown spot like a halo around it; pterostigma with veins dark brown; nodulus black; veins pale brown. Hindwing hyaline, with veins pale brown. Abdomen: tergum with black bands, sternum cream. Clunium pale brown, darker medially. Hypandrium missing in holotype; in paratypes is light brown. Phallosome dark brown, radula with dark brown teeth. Epiproct and paraprocts light brown.

DISCUSSION
The species of the genus Neurostigma are dificult to ind and problems arise when trying to establish phylogenetic relationships, due to the incomplete nature of some of their descriptions. On the other hand, females are very similar between species, differentiated mainly by the wings coloration pattern and a few characters of their external genitalia. Based on the shape of the areola postica, two groups can now be distinguished within Neurostigma. The irst group presents the areola postica fused to vein M; it includes the species N. enderleini, N. xanthopterum and N. chaetocephallum. The irst two are very similar to each other, differing mainly by the color tones in the body and wings, being darker in N. enderleini (New 1980). The radular esclerite in both species is very similar and somewhat dificult to contrast. The third species, N. chaetocephallum, presents dificulties when comparing with the other two species of the group, due to his short description, lack of knowledge of his genitalia and similarities in body coloration.
The second group, consisting of the six-remaining species: N. furcivenula, N. roesleri, N. dispositum, N. pausivenosum, N. radiatum and N. garcialdretei n. sp., characterized by having the areola postica non-fused to the vein M. In N. furcivenula and N. roesleri only females are known, these are very similar, differentiating them mainly by the shape and number of teeth of the lacinial apex and the posterior margin of the areola postica. Of the remaining four species, N. pausivenosum is the only one that has a pterostigma with only 2 crossveins, the others have ive or more. Due to the shape of the phallosome, N. dispositum is clearly different of N. garcialdretei n. sp. and N. radiatum. The last are differentiated by the shape and structure of their radula and the internal apical edge of the aedeagal arc (see identiication key). Other secondary characteristics can be seen in the forewing coloration pattern and in the general shape of the areola postica.
With this new species, Colombia goes from a single registered species to having three (Table 1), which despite being a low number, corresponds to 33.33% of the known species of the genus. However, from the review of new collections in other natural areas, about ive additional morphotypes have been identiied and will be described in the future.